The National Health Service has issued a critical alert for the millions of people across the UK taking a commonly prescribed blood pressure medication, warning of a potential serious side effect affecting the kidneys.
Widespread Use and Primary Function
The drug in question, Ramipril, is a cornerstone in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It is so widely used that the NHS dispensed a staggering 34.8 million prescriptions for it in 2024 alone. Beyond managing high blood pressure, Ramipril is also crucial for improving survival rates after a heart attack and helping to prevent future strokes and kidney complications.
It functions by relaxing and widening the body's blood vessels, which allows blood to flow more easily, thereby reducing pressure on the heart. It is available in several forms, including capsules, tablets, and a liquid solution.
Recognising the Potential Dangers
While effective for many, taking Ramipril over a long period can impair kidney function, a risk that necessitates regular monitoring by a doctor, typically through blood tests. Although many patients experience no adverse effects, the NHS guidance is clear that some side effects can be severe.
Common side effects, affecting more than one in 100 people, can include:
- A persistent dry, tickly cough
- Headaches and dizziness
- Diarrhoea or vomiting
- Blurred vision and mild skin rashes
When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention
More serious, though rarer, side effects require urgent action. Patients are advised to be vigilant for signs of kidney problems, which can manifest as blood in the urine, a significant reduction in urination, or swollen ankles.
Other critical warning signs include symptoms of a bone marrow disorder, such as unusual paleness, extreme tiredness, easy bruising, and a high temperature. A yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes could indicate a liver issue, while severe stomach pain is also a red flag.
In the most serious cases, Ramipril can trigger a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. The NHS advises that this is a medical emergency warranting an immediate 999 call. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
- Swelling of the lips, throat, or tongue
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Confusion or loss of consciousness
- The skin, lips, or tongue turning blue, grey, or pale
Patients currently taking Ramipril should not stop their medication but are urged to be aware of these potential side effects and to attend all scheduled check-ups with their GP to ensure their kidney function and overall health are closely monitored.
