While influenza continues to cause significant disruption nationwide, leading many to blame every sniffle and sore throat on the flu, health experts warn it's not the only pathogen affecting Britons. Amid the winter 'quindemic' of flu, colds, RSV, norovirus, and Covid-19, another common virus has been circulating widely: adenovirus.
What is Adenovirus and How Widespread is it?
Recent figures released by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirm that adenovirus is currently doing the rounds. The UKHSA's weekly monitoring of respiratory viruses tracks adenovirus alongside human metapneumovirus (hMPV), flu, Covid-19, and common colds.
Adenovirus is incredibly common, with the NHS estimating that most people will have had at least one infection by the age of ten. As a virus, it constantly mutates, meaning individuals can catch it multiple times throughout their lives. Unlike influenza, which peaks in colder months, adenovirus does not follow a strict seasonal pattern and can be transmitted all year round.
Symptoms and How It Differs From Colds and Flu
Ian Budd, Lead Prescribing Pharmacist at Chemist4U, explains that many people infected with adenovirus are unaware they have it, simply feeling 'under the weather'. He notes that reports of a 'mystery virus' or fast-spreading throat bug often align with adenovirus activity.
"Compared to a cold, adenovirus can be more likely to cause fever and conjunctivitis, and symptoms can last longer," said Mr Budd. "And, compared to the flu, adenovirus infections typically cause less intense body aches and fatigue." He also highlighted that there is no readily available vaccine for it.
Symptoms are usually mild and cold-like, but the virus can cause other illnesses including:
- Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
- Lung infections like bronchitis and pneumonia
- Croup (a 'barking cough' in children)
- Ear infections
- Tummy upset
The virus is highly contagious, spreading rapidly in settings like nurseries, schools, and workplaces. Symptoms typically appear between two days and two weeks after exposure.
Why Is It Notable Now and How to Protect Yourself
Mr Budd suggests that with multiple viruses circulating and COVID-19 restrictions lifted, community immunity may be lower, making people more susceptible. "Adenovirus isn’t a new virus; it’s just showing up more often alongside other winter bugs," he stated.
The virus is notably resilient. Unlike colds spread primarily through coughs and sneezes, adenoviruses can survive on surfaces and objects for extended periods, meaning infection can occur without direct person-to-person contact. People can also continue to 'shed' the virus after recovery.
As a virus, antibiotics are ineffective against adenovirus. Treatment involves rest, plenty of fluids, and waiting for it to clear up, which can take from a couple of days to a fortnight. Paracetamol can help with fever, and a humidifier or saltwater nose drops may ease congestion. In severe cases, particularly for the very young, elderly, or immunocompromised, hospital care may be needed.
The NHS recommends prioritising hygiene to protect against infection. This includes frequent handwashing and regularly disinfecting surfaces and shared objects.
