The NHS has issued a stark reminder that a common vitamin deficiency can produce symptoms alarmingly similar to dementia, including significant memory loss and confusion. Health experts are urging Brits experiencing forgetfulness to consider a simple blood test, as addressing the shortfall can often reverse these troubling neurological effects.
The Crucial Role of Vitamin B12
According to both the NHS and prominent health expert Dr Eric Berg, DC, a deficiency in vitamin B12 is a primary concern. This vital nutrient is essential for producing red blood cells, creating DNA, converting food into energy, and, critically, maintaining a healthy central nervous system. Dr Berg, known for his work on ketogenic diets and founder of Dr Berg Nutritionals, has highlighted it as the "top vitamin deficiency that mimics dementia".
When levels are low, the consequences can be severe. Beyond fatigue and weakness, a B12 deficiency can directly impair brain function, leading to symptoms like forgetfulness, difficulty thinking, and confusion. Studies, including a 2020 analysis, have identified a clear association between low B12 levels and progressive cognitive impairment.
Recognising the Neurological Symptoms
The NHS explicitly states that a lack of vitamin B12 can cause neurological problems which may become irreversible if left untreated for too long. These include:
- Memory loss
- Vision problems
- Pins and needles (paraesthesia)
- Loss of physical coordination (ataxia), affecting speech and walking
- Peripheral neuropathy, causing damage to nerves, often in the legs
Additional psychological and physical signs can encompass confusion, depression, anxiety, balance issues, a swollen tongue, and a rapid heart rate. It is estimated that more than 10% of elderly people have low B12 levels, making this a significant public health consideration.
Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
The most common cause of deficiency is low consumption of animal products, as B12 is predominantly found in meat, liver, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy. Vegans and vegetarians are advised to seek fortified foods or supplements. Dr Berg also notes that low stomach acid, often due to ageing or antacid use, can prevent proper B12 absorption.
Fortunately, diagnosis is straightforward via a blood test, and treatment typically involves high-dose B12 supplements or injections. The NHS confirms that most cases are easily treated, with many patients seeing substantial improvement within three to six months. However, the health service cautions that the longer the deficiency goes untreated, the higher the risk of lasting neurological damage.
Dr Berg further points out that other nutrient deficiencies—including vitamin B1, vitamin D, and zinc—may also contribute to dementia-like symptoms and even affect hippocampus size. He suggests that optimising nutrition, potentially including a ketogenic diet rich in fatty fish and red meat, may help support brain health.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms associated with dementia, such as memory loss, confusion, or mood changes, it is crucial to consult a GP. A simple check for vitamin B12 deficiency could provide a treatable explanation, or your doctor can investigate other potential causes.
