Scientists have uncovered a direct link between a common high-sugar diet and the aggressive growth of lung cancer tumours. A groundbreaking new study reveals that tumours can effectively 'feed' on sugar, drawing a clear connection between dietary habits and the progression of the disease.
The 'Sweet Tooth' of Cancer Cells
American researchers identified a molecule called glycogen as a key fuel for lung cancer. Glycogen, which stores glucose (a type of sugar), was described as a "giant lollipop for cancer's sweet tooth". The study, published in the journal Nature Metabolism, found a direct correlation: the more glycogen present in cancer cells, the larger and more severe the tumour growth became.
Experiments on mice showed that tumours grew significantly when the animals were fed a diet mimicking the typical Western diet – high in fat and fructose. Fructose is a fruit sugar commonly found as high-fructose corn syrup in many processed foods and soft drinks. Conversely, when glycogen levels were reduced, the growth of the tumours decreased.
A New Dietary Link to Lung Cancer
The lead researcher, Professor Ramon Sun from the University of Florida, stated that glycogen is an "exceptionally good predictor" of both tumour growth and patient survival in lung cancer. This finding challenges long-held assumptions. "Lung cancer has not traditionally been thought of as a dietary-related disease," Prof Sun explained. "Diseases like pancreatic cancer or liver cancer, yes. However, when it comes to lung cancer, the idea that diet could play a role is rarely discussed."
The research expanded from prior work on Lafora disease, a rare neurological condition. Prof Sun and his colleague, Professor Matthew Gentry, had spent two decades studying this illness, which provided crucial insights into glycogen metabolism that proved applicable to oncology.
Implications for Prevention and Treatment
The study's authors argue that public health strategies for cancer prevention should now place greater emphasis on diet. "In the long term, our approach to cancer prevention should mirror the success of the anti-smoking campaign," said Prof Sun, advocating for policy-driven strategies that promote healthier food choices.
An encouraging secondary finding is that existing medications developed for Lafora disease, which can influence glycogen levels, may offer new avenues for lung cancer treatment. Echoing standard health advice, Prof Gentry concluded: "Prioritising a nutrient-rich diet, maintaining an active lifestyle and minimising alcohol intake are foundational strategies for long-term health. Fostering better dietary habits can be a powerful tool in lung cancer prevention."
