A groundbreaking study has revealed that the choice of food for our canine companions carries a significant environmental cost, with some diets having a far worse climate impact than the meals eaten by their owners.
The Stark Difference Between Wet and Dry
Research from the Universities of Edinburgh and Exeter, published in the Journal of Cleaner Production, analysed nearly 1,000 types of dog food available in the UK. The scientists calculated the carbon footprint based on emissions generated during ingredient production.
The findings are striking. Wet, raw, and meat-heavy premium dog foods are associated with substantially higher greenhouse gas emissions compared to standard dry kibble. In the most extreme cases, the highest-impact foods were responsible for up to 65 times more emissions than the lowest-rated options.
Key Findings for Eco-Conscious Owners
The study, released on Thursday 8 January 2026, provides clear guidance for pet owners concerned about their environmental impact. The production of ingredients for UK dog food is estimated to contribute around one per cent of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions.
Principal investigator John Harvey from the University of Edinburgh’s Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies noted the dilemma many face. "I regularly see owners torn between ideals of dogs as meat‑eating ‘wolves’ and their wish to reduce environmental harm," he said.
The research underscores that choosing grain-free, wet or raw foods can result in significantly higher climate impacts. Dry food not marketed as grain-free tended to have the lowest environmental footprint.
How to Reduce Your Dog's Carbon Pawprint
For owners wanting to minimise environmental damage without switching food types, experts offer practical advice. Checking the label description of meat cuts is crucial.
Using large amounts of prime meat – fit for human consumption – dramatically increases emissions. Conversely, utilising nutritious carcass parts that are in lower demand helps to limit the environmental impact.
The scale of the issue is vast. Experts estimate that producing enough food of the types fed in the UK for all dogs worldwide could generate greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to over half of those from burning jet fuel in commercial flights each year.
Ultimately, the study empowers owners with knowledge. As Harvey concluded, "Our research shows just how large and variable the climate impact of dog food really is." Making informed choices can help reconcile the love for our pets with the responsibility to protect the planet.
