7 Essential Dos and Don'ts When Spotting a Stroke: Expert Life-Saving Advice
When someone is experiencing a stroke, every single second becomes critically important. Acting with speed and precision can dramatically influence the outcome, potentially enabling a full recovery, preventing long-term disability, or even saving a life. Witnessing a loved one endure such a medical emergency is profoundly frightening, which is why understanding the correct response is so vital. Ahead of Stroke Awareness Month in May, we consulted leading health experts to compile a definitive list of guidelines on how to assist effectively during this high-stress situation and what actions to steer clear of.
1. Do Use the FAST Acronym
The FAST test is a fundamental tool for stroke identification. "The primary thing to remember is the FAST test, which stands for face, arms, speech, and time," explains Emily Heard, Public Affairs and Campaigns Manager at the Stroke Association. "It's a straightforward, easily memorable test designed to help people rapidly recognise some of the most common indicators of a stroke." Dr Naila Aslam, a GP at Central Health London, concurs and recommends asking specific questions if you suspect a stroke. "If you're uncertain about facial asymmetry, ask them to smile," advises Aslam. "This action engages facial muscles, making any asymmetry much more apparent. It also serves as a useful cognitive assessment, as individuals having a stroke may become confused, disoriented, or have difficulty following instructions." She further suggests asking the person to raise both arms for a brief period. "A stroke typically affects one side of the body, so significant struggle or noticeable asymmetry could be a warning sign. For speech evaluation, ask 'Do you understand me?' If their responses are slurred, call 999 immediately."
2. Do Act Fast and Call 999
Immediate action is non-negotiable. "If you have any concerns, call 999 as soon as possible because with a stroke, 'time is brain'," emphasises Heard. "Upon observing any of the FAST signs in a loved one, you must call 999 right away; there's no need to wait for all three signs to manifest. For every minute a stroke remains untreated, up to two million brain cells can be lost, according to The Stroke Association. Highly effective treatments like thrombolysis and thrombectomy are far more successful when administered swiftly."
3. Do Try to Stay Calm and Note the Time of Onset
Maintaining composure and recording details are key. "The most critical actions are to stay calm, ring 999, and clearly explain the situation, though I acknowledge this is easier said than done," says Aslam. "Informing the emergency services about the time the symptoms began is extremely valuable. This information allows paramedics to act rapidly and make informed decisions regarding treatment eligibility, such as thrombolysis, which must be administered within four and a half hours, and determines the most appropriate medical unit for the patient."
4. Do Try to Keep Them in a Comfortable, Upright Position
Proper positioning and monitoring are essential. "Ensure you remain with the patient and closely monitor any deterioration so you can provide comprehensive information to the paramedics," advises Aslam. "Keep them safe and comfortable, aiming to maintain an upright posture with their head elevated rather than allowing it to flop forward. Additionally, endeavour to keep them conscious and alert."
5. Don't Give Them Any Food, Drink, or Medication
Avoid offering anything by mouth. "Do not provide any food or drink, as stroke patients often encounter swallowing difficulties, posing a risk of choking or aspiration, where substances enter the airway," warns Aslam. "It is equally important to refrain from administering any medications, particularly aspirin, before a paramedic has conducted a proper assessment."
6. Don't Delay and Wait for Symptoms to Pass
Never adopt a wait-and-see approach. "Stroke symptoms can sometimes appear and then subside, but it is crucial not to delay action hoping they will resolve," stresses Heard. "Even if the symptoms seem to have vanished and the individual begins to feel better, it remains imperative to seek urgent medical evaluation for your loved one without hesitation."
7. Don't Drive Them to Hospital Yourself
Leave transportation to the professionals. "Do not attempt to drive the patient to the hospital yourself, as their condition may worsen, and you could face difficulties extracting them from the vehicle," cautions Aslam. "They require paramedic assistance and professional support to ensure they are taken to the correct specialist unit. Always, without exception, call 999."
For further information on stroke prevention, risk reduction, and recognising signs in others, visit stroke.org.uk. Individuals affected by stroke can contact the Stroke Support helpline at 0303 3033 100 for additional guidance and support.
