Household cleaning products, widely used since the Covid-19 pandemic, may pose health risks, according to recent research. A Finnish study found that during the pandemic, people cleaned 70% more often and used 75% more cleaning products. However, scientists warn that these products can increase exposure to harmful chemicals and particulate matter.
Emilie Pacheco Da Silva, a postdoctoral researcher at Inserm in France, identifies household cleaning products as a 'modifiable risk factor' for asthma. A 2024 analysis of 77 studies concluded that cleaning products, especially sprays, harm respiratory health. Using sprays four to seven times a week raises asthma risk in young adults and can worsen symptoms in children.
Sprays are particularly harmful because chemicals become airborne and are easily inhaled. Some studies link prenatal exposure to persistent wheezing in early childhood. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cleaning products can cause ear, nose, and throat irritation. Corrosive chemicals like chlorine and ammonia may damage tissues at a cellular level.
Nicola Carslaw, professor of indoor air chemistry at the University of York, notes that while evidence shows harm, pinpointing specific chemicals is difficult. 'Green' products, containing only biodegradable ingredients, appear less harmful, but more research is needed. Pacheco Da Silva's analysis of over 40,000 people suggests that green and homemade sprays may be safer alternatives.
