Dr Tim Beanland, head of knowledge and learning at the Alzheimer's Society, has outlined five lifestyle rules that people should adopt by age 40 to help minimise their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The recommendations come as nearly one million people in the UK currently live with dementia, with Alzheimer's being the most common type.
Understanding Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a physical illness that damages the brain. According to Dr Beanland, two proteins called amyloid and tau can build up and clump together, impairing brain function. Over time, nerve cells die, leading to problems with memory and thinking. When these issues interfere with daily tasks, it is termed dementia.
Early symptoms of Alzheimer's include memory problems, reasoning difficulties, language issues, changes in perception, and mood alterations. Anyone experiencing these symptoms is advised to consult a GP or use the Alzheimer's Society's online symptom checklist.
Risk Factors Beyond Control
Age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's, with over 90% of cases occurring in people over 65. Women are about twice as likely as men to develop Alzheimer's, partly due to longer life expectancy, though the risk is similar until around age 80. Genetics also play a role; the APOE4 gene variant, carried by about one in four people, increases risk, but most carriers do not develop dementia.
The Five Rules for Reducing Risk
Dr Beanland emphasises that lifestyle changes from mid-life (ages 40–65) can significantly lower Alzheimer's risk. The five key rules are:
- Do not smoke
- Do not drink too much alcohol
- Be physically active
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet
- Stay mentally and socially active
“People who live a healthy lifestyle, especially from mid-life onwards, are less likely to develop Alzheimer's,” Dr Beanland said. He stressed that these habits can help protect the brain and reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
